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Ethical Marketing Hub

What Is Ethical Marketing? The Basics Every Marketer Needs To Know

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Ziad Itani

Ziad Itani is the Co-Founder at Barakah Agency. A visionary in ethical marketing, Ziad champions integrity-driven growth strategies and innovative solutions. When he's not helping clients succeed, he enjoys spending quality time with family and friends, exploring the great outdoors, and delving into thought-provoking books.

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At the heart of any successful business lies a commitment to its community, its values, and its impact. Ethical marketing goes beyond merely promoting products or services; it is about fostering trust and building meaningful relationships that honor and uplift the essence of humanity. In today’s world, where consumer trust is crucial, ethical marketing stands as a pillar of sustainable business practices, reflecting a deeper commitment to preserving faith, life, family, wisdom, and wealth.

Ethical marketing is about more than just meeting regulatory standards. It’s about doing right by your customers, your community, and your planet. It is rooted in the principles of transparency, honesty, and social responsibility, ensuring that every marketing action contributes positively to the greater good.

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What Is Ethical Marketing?

Ethical marketing is a holistic approach that prioritizes integrity, transparency, and respect in all marketing practices. Unlike traditional marketing, which often focuses solely on driving sales and maximizing profits, ethical marketing aims to create long-term value for both businesses and society. It embodies the values of preserving faith, life, family, wisdom, and wealth. By aligning business practices with ethical principles, companies can build trust, foster loyalty, and contribute positively to the world.

Ethical Marketing (1)


Marketing encompasses a multitude of activities that create, communicate, deliver, and exchange different offers for clients in the hopes of increasing sales and other profitable actions on behalf of customers. When viewed through an ethical marketing lens, these activities are guided by principles that prioritize integrity, transparency, and respect.

Ethical Marketing Definition

Ethical marketing transcends mere legal compliance; it reflects a dedication to doing what is right. This approach emphasizes integrity by upholding honesty and moral principles in all dealings, and transparency by being open and clear about business practices, product information, and marketing messages. It also prioritizes respect, valuing and honoring the dignity of all individuals and communities, and sustainability, promoting practices that protect and preserve the environment for future generations. Additionally, it incorporates social responsibility, contributing to the well-being and improvement of society. This means making decisions guided by a strong moral compass, even when it may not be the most profitable route in the short term.

These concepts are commonly known as the marketing mix (the Ps of marketing) and the AIDA model (attention, interest, desire, action). However, ethical marketing integrates additional principles that ensure all marketing practices are aligned with moral values and social responsibility.

In practice, ethical marketing often primarily focuses on creating relevant, valuable content and experiences to promote a business’s products to its ideal target audience. This means ensuring that all communications are truthful, non-deceptive, and respectful of customer privacy and preferences. Marketing is responsible for attracting, converting, and retaining long-term, successful customers while maintaining a commitment to ethical standards. This means marketing influences all areas of the sales funnel with a conscious effort to do what is right, not just what is profitable.

Ethical marketing not only creates awareness of the brand but also influences consumers to take action and make a purchase in a way that upholds the company’s ethical values. It fosters trust and loyalty by being honest and transparent in all interactions and by contributing positively to society.

To easily analyze the fundamentals of marketing, we can break it down into the 8 Ps of ethical marketing:

8P's Of Ethical Marketing

Ethical marketing goes beyond the traditional 4 P's of marketing by adding four additional P's that reflect a commitment to integrity and social responsibility. Here’s a look at the 8 P's of Ethical Marketing:

  1. Product: Ensure that the products or services offered are beneficial, safe, and produced in a manner that respects human rights and the environment. Example: Organic food that promotes health and sustainable agriculture.

  2. Price: Set prices that reflect fair value and consider the ability of consumers to pay. Avoid exploitative pricing and ensure transparency. Example: Offering fair trade products that are reasonably priced to reflect the true cost of ethical production.

  3. Place: Distribute products in a way that is accessible and equitable, minimizing environmental impact. Consider the entire supply chain and its effects on communities. Example: Using eco-friendly packaging and supporting local businesses for distribution.

  4. Promotion: Communicate honestly and transparently, avoiding deceptive practices. Promote products in a way that educates and empowers consumers to make informed decisions. Example: Providing clear information on product labels and marketing materials.

  5. People: Focus on the well-being of employees, customers, and communities. Create inclusive and supportive environments that foster growth and development. Example: Implementing fair labor practices and promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace.

  6. Process: Ensure that business processes are ethical, efficient, and environmentally responsible. Streamline operations to reduce waste and promote sustainability. Example: Adopting green manufacturing practices and reducing carbon footprint.

  7. Physical Evidence: Provide tangible proof of ethical practices through certifications, awards, and transparent reporting. Showcase the positive impact on society and the environment. Example: Displaying fair trade or organic certification labels on products.

  8. Positioning for Ethical Excellence: Position the brand as a leader in ethical practices, emphasizing its commitment to values such as integrity, sustainability, and social responsibility. Example: Highlighting the brand’s contributions to community development and environmental conservation.

At a high level, ethical marketing includes:

  1. Ethical Targeting: This involves researching the target market, understanding the ideal buyer, their buying processes and behaviors, and assessing competition while respecting privacy and avoiding manipulation. The goal is to stand out and reach niche audiences in an honest and respectful manner.
  2. Ethical Branding: Differentiating the business and its products or services from competitors with a unique marketing design and voice that reflects ethical values. This helps to deeply connect with the ideal buyer by promoting integrity and authenticity.
  3. Ethical Conversion: Optimizing the entire sales and marketing funnel from unknown target audience members to actual buyers, ensuring that all interactions and tactics are transparent and honest. The focus is on building trust and providing real value rather than employing deceptive practices.
  4. Ethical Retention: Retaining existing customers by continuously providing value and maintaining ethical standards. This involves treating customers with respect, being transparent about business practices, and fostering long-term relationships that benefit both the buyer and the business.

Understanding The Real Meaning of Ethical Marketing

To grasp the essence of ethical marketing, we must delve into its true meaning and explore its roots and definitions.

Ethical Marketing (noun): The practice of promoting products or services in a way that aligns with moral or values anchored in faith, ensuring honesty, fairness, and social responsibility throughout the marketing process.

To ethically market (verb): To execute marketing activities that prioritize ethical considerations, aiming to benefit society, respect consumer rights, and promote integrity in business.

Ethicus (Latin origin): “Pertaining to morals; relating to ethics or moral philosophy.”

Let's break this down further:

  1. Drive positive social impact: The primary goal of ethical marketing is not just to drive sales but to make a positive difference in society. This involves promoting products or services that are not only beneficial to the consumer but also contribute to the greater good. Ethical marketing ensures that every transaction enhances the well-being of the community, aligning with values such as the preservation of life and wisdom.
  2. Define the target audience: Just like traditional marketing, ethical marketing begins with identifying the target audience. However, the emphasis here is on understanding the values and needs of these consumers. Ethical marketers seek to engage with those who prioritize social responsibility and sustainable practices, ensuring that the marketing message resonates with their ethical principles.
  3. Provide valuable and honest information: Ethical marketing demands transparency. It involves providing accurate, truthful information about products and services, highlighting their benefits without exaggeration or deceit. This honesty builds trust and fosters a deeper connection with the audience, who are more likely to support brands that reflect their own ethical values.
  4. Customers discovering your brand and product: After drawing the customer in with ethical messaging, it's crucial to help them understand why your product or service is the right choice. Effective ethical marketing not only addresses the consumer’s needs but also demonstrates how the product contributes to a larger ethical goal. This creates a compelling narrative that encourages consumers to choose your brand not just for the product itself but for the positive impact it represents.

What Are 4 Definitions Of Ethical Marketing From Experts?

Definition #1

Ethical marketing is about building trust and transparency in every customer interaction, ensuring that the interests of all stakeholders are respected and upheld.

Philip Kotler Marketing Author and Consultant Kotler Marketing Group

This emphasizes the importance of trust and transparency as the cornerstones of ethical marketing. This approach ensures that all stakeholders—customers, employees, suppliers, and the community—are treated with respect and fairness.

Trust is not just a nice-to-have; it’s a critical asset that enhances brand loyalty and consumer confidence. By committing to transparent practices, businesses can avoid deceptive tactics and create a more genuine relationship with their audience.

In today’s age of information, where consumers are more informed and vigilant, maintaining transparency is vital for long-term success and aligns with Barakah Agency's value of preserving wisdom and faith.

Definition #2

Ethical marketing is the practice of promoting products or services based on truth, fairness, and responsibility, ensuring that the benefits and impacts are communicated honestly and without exaggeration.

Seth Godin Author and Marketing Expert The Carbon Almanac

This definition highlights the importance of truth and fairness in ethical marketing. The focus is on honest communication that does not exaggerate or mislead consumers about the benefits and impacts of a product or service.

This approach helps in building a credible brand image and fosters consumer trust. Ethical marketing, according to Godin, is not about manipulation but about genuinely helping consumers by providing valuable and truthful information.

This principle resonates with Barakah Agency’s ethos of preserving family and life by ensuring that marketing practices do not exploit or harm consumers but instead contribute positively to their well-being.

Definition #3

Ethical marketing is the commitment to making business decisions that align with the highest standards of fairness, honesty, and integrity, promoting long-term positive relationships with customers and society.

Jay Baer Marketing Consultant and Author Convince and Convert

Jay Baer’s definition underscores the significance of fairness, honesty, and integrity in every business decision. This commitment to ethical standards ensures that marketing practices contribute to building long-term positive relationships, not just quick sales.

By prioritizing the well-being of customers and society, businesses can cultivate a loyal customer base and a positive reputation.

This approach aligns with Barakah Agency’s focus on preserving wealth and wisdom, as it promotes sustainable growth and ethical practices that benefit both the business and the broader community.

Definition #4

Ethical marketing is not just about avoiding deceit but actively working to promote social good, ensure fair treatment, and create a positive impact on the world through every marketing effort.

Dr. Carol Adams Sustainability Consultant and Academic Author of Sustainable Development Goals

Dr. Carol Adams emphasizes that ethical marketing goes beyond merely avoiding deceitful practices. It is about actively contributing to social good and ensuring fair treatment for all. This definition highlights the proactive role of businesses in using their marketing efforts to create a positive impact on society and the environment.

By focusing on ethical practices, companies can drive meaningful change and build a brand that stands for more than just profit.

This approach aligns with Barakah Agency’s ethos of preserving faith, life, family, wisdom, and wealth, as it encourages businesses to consider the broader implications of their actions and strive for a positive societal impact.

8 Ethical Marketing Core Concepts

Ethical marketing is built on a foundation of ethical principles and a commitment to creating positive change in society. It goes beyond traditional marketing by incorporating values that ensure fairness, honesty, and social responsibility. Here are the core concepts:

1. Respecting Human Dignity:

This begins with a deep respect for all individuals involved, reflecting the preservation of life and faith. This includes customers, employees, and partners. Treating everyone with dignity means valuing their rights, opinions, and contributions. For example, an ethical company would ensure fair wages and humane working conditions for all its employees and would market products without exploiting or stereotyping any group.

2. Promoting Fair Trade:

This principle involves promoting and supporting fair trade practices, aligning with the preservation of wealth and wisdom. This means ensuring that products are sourced ethically, workers are paid fairly, and the production process does not exploit individuals or harm communities. For example, a coffee company committed to fair trade would source its beans from farmers who are compensated fairly and work under safe conditions.

3. Transparency in Communication:

Honesty and clarity are fundamental to ethical marketing, reflecting the preservation of wisdom. Companies should communicate openly about their products, services, and business practices. This includes providing accurate information about product origins, ingredients, and potential impacts. For instance, a cosmetics brand committed to ethical marketing would clearly label its products as cruelty-free and provide detailed ingredient lists.

4. Environmental Responsibility:

Environmental responsiblity involves taking responsibility for the environmental impact of business activities, reflecting the preservation of life and family. Companies should strive to minimize waste, reduce carbon footprints, and promote sustainable practices. For example, an ethical clothing brand would use eco-friendly materials and sustainable production processes to reduce its environmental impact.

5. Social Equity:

The principle of social equity promotes fairness and equity within society, aligning with the preservation of family and life. This means ensuring that marketing practices do not exploit or marginalize vulnerable populations and that they contribute positively to social good. For example, a financial services company committed to social equity might offer products and services designed to support underserved communities and promote financial inclusion.

6. Ensuring Product Quality:

Ethical marketing involves a commitment to delivering high-quality products that meet the needs and expectations of customers, reflecting the preservation of wealth and wisdom. This means prioritizing safety, reliability, and value in product design and production. For instance, an ethical food company would ensure that its products are healthy, safe to consume, and produced under sanitary conditions.

7. Ethical Data Use:

In the age of digital marketing, ethical use of customer data is crucial, reflecting the preservation of wisdom. This means collecting and using data responsibly, protecting customer privacy, and being transparent about data practices. For example, an ethical online retailer would only collect the data necessary to provide its services, use it in ways that benefit customers, and safeguard it against unauthorized access.

8. Positioning for Ethical Excellence:

Ethical positioning involves aligning a company’s brand and marketing strategies with its ethical values, reflecting the preservation of faith, life, family, wisdom, and wealth. This means ensuring that all marketing efforts reflect the company’s commitment to ethical principles and contribute to building a positive, values-driven brand image. For example, a technology company might position itself as a leader in sustainable innovation, promoting products that are environmentally friendly and ethically produced.

5 Common Misconceptions About Ethical Marketing

Given the extensive nature of marketing, it's easy for ethical myths to be perceived as truths.

Here are five of the most common misconceptions about ethical marketing.

1. "Ethical Marketing Is Just About Following the Law."

While adhering to legal standards is a fundamental aspect of ethical marketing, it’s merely the starting point. True ethical marketing transcends compliance, embracing a deeper commitment to integrity, fairness, and social responsibility. This means making choices that reflect a genuine commitment to doing what is right, not just what is legally permissible. For instance, an ethical marketer will prioritize truthful advertising and transparent communication, even in the absence of strict regulations. This approach aligns with the preservation of faith and wisdom, fostering trust and building a reputation for honesty and ethical integrity in all business practices.

2. "Ethical Marketing Means Sacrificing Profits."

Contrary to popular belief, ethical marketing does not entail a compromise on profitability. In fact, it often leads to enhanced financial performance in the long run. By building a reputation for honesty and fairness, businesses can cultivate deep trust and loyalty among customers. Ethical marketing might involve higher upfront costs, such as investing in fair trade materials or implementing sustainable practices, but these expenses are outweighed by long-term benefits like increased customer retention, brand loyalty, and a positive public image. Companies that prioritize ethical marketing are not just preserving wealth but also life, as they contribute to the well-being of their customers and the broader community.

3. "Only Certain Industries Can Practice Ethical Marketing."

Ethical marketing is a universal principle that can be applied across all industries, from technology and healthcare to finance and retail. Any company, regardless of its sector, can adopt ethical practices that reflect its core values and contribute positively to society. For example, a tech company might focus on data privacy and security, while a retailer might prioritize fair labor practices and sustainable sourcing. Ethical marketing practices align with the preservation of faith, family, and life by ensuring that business operations contribute to the greater good and respect the rights and dignity of all stakeholders.

4. "Ethical Marketing Is Just a Trend."

Ethical marketing is far from being a fleeting trend; it represents a significant and enduring shift in business practices. As consumers increasingly prioritize ethical considerations in their purchasing decisions, businesses that adopt ethical marketing practices are well-positioned to build lasting trust and loyalty. This shift is driven by a broader awareness of the social and environmental impact of business activities. Companies that embrace ethical marketing are not just keeping up with trends; they are leading the way toward a more sustainable and responsible future. This approach reflects the preservation of wisdom and wealth, ensuring long-term success and a positive impact on society.

5. "Ethical Marketing Is Only for Big Companies."

Ethical marketing is not confined to large corporations; it is equally accessible and beneficial to small businesses. In fact, small companies often have the agility and close community connections that enable them to implement and promote ethical practices effectively. Whether it’s a local bakery sourcing ingredients from fair trade suppliers or a small tech startup prioritizing data privacy, ethical marketing is about the commitment to principles rather than the size of the company. This aligns with the preservation of faith and family, demonstrating that ethical practices are not only viable but essential for businesses of all sizes.

What is B2B Ethical Marketing?

Ethical B2B Marketing

B2B, or business-to-business, is a type of marketing that focuses on promoting and selling products or services to other businesses and organizations. This approach prioritizes integrity, transparency, and mutual respect, ensuring that all marketing efforts align with ethical principles while building sustainable and trustworthy relationships.

At the basic foundations of this type of marketing it emphasizes the importance of maintaining high standards of integrity and transparency. Companies in this space are committed to honesty in their communications, providing clear and accurate information about their products and services. This honesty helps build a foundation of trust with their clients, who can rely on the company's representations and commitments.

For example, a B2B company might prioritize sourcing materials from suppliers who adhere to fair trade practices and communicate this commitment transparently to its clients, reflecting the preservation of wisdom and wealth. By choosing suppliers who treat their workers fairly and operate sustainably, the company not only supports ethical practices but also ensures that its own products are of high quality and ethically produced. This commitment to ethical sourcing can be a key differentiator in the market, appealing to clients who value corporate responsibility and sustainability.

Furthermore, ethical B2B marketing involves actively contributing to the well-being of the broader community. Companies might engage in initiatives that support education, healthcare, or environmental sustainability, demonstrating their commitment to social responsibility. These actions help to build a positive reputation and foster goodwill among clients and partners.

By integrating ethical considerations into their marketing strategies, B2B companies can create more meaningful and lasting connections with their clients. This approach not only benefits the businesses involved but also contributes to a more ethical and sustainable business environment overall.

What Makes a Good B2B Ethical Marketing Plan?

A successful B2B marketing plan goes beyond focusing solely on ROI. While generating revenue is crucial, incorporating ethical principles into the strategy can create long-term, sustainable growth.

Convincing Decision-Makers with Ethical ROI

An effective B2B marketing strategy should demonstrate to business decision-makers that investing in your products or services will not only improve their bottom line but also align with broader ethical values. This approach ensures that marketing efforts comply with legal standards and resonate with the values of the business community.

Uncovering and Addressing Pain Points

A successful B2B marketing plan uncovers the pain points that business owners or stakeholders face and addresses them with ethically sound solutions.

Example scenario: Consider a company that provides call answering and appointment scheduling services for small businesses. They are marketing to a local fence contractor.

  1. Pain Point: The contractor struggles to find time for her family due to her busy schedule.
  2. Problem-Causing Pain Point: The business owner misses potential customers daily because she is too busy with installations to answer the phone, leading to lost revenue.
  3. Ethical Solution to the Problem: By using a call answering service, the contractor could secure ten more jobs per month, increasing her monthly revenue by $30,000. This additional income would allow her to hire more workers and spend more time with her family.

This pitch identifies the pain point and illustrates a brighter future. It not only promises to generate more revenue but also explains how the service provides that increase, using specific numbers to engage the business owner's imagination.

Focusing on Ethical Profits

B2B marketing is challenging because business owners are savvy to usual sales tactics. It's essential to avoid fluff and focus on how your ethically-driven products and services provide value.

Ethical Value Proposition

Business decision-makers care about more than just profit margins. They want solutions that are ethically sound and socially responsible. Emphasizing the ethical value of your products in enhancing profitability can help build long-term

What Is B2C Ethical Marketing?

B2C Ethical Marketing

B2C marketing, or business-to-consumer marketing, focuses on promoting products or services directly to the everyday consumer. This form of marketing aims to enhance the daily lives of individuals by offering solutions that meet their personal needs and desires.

In the realm of ethical B2C marketing, the emphasis is placed on more than just selling products. It involves fostering trust, transparency, and respect for consumers. Companies committed to ethical B2C marketing prioritize the well-being and satisfaction of their customers, ensuring that their marketing practices reflect honesty and integrity.

For instance, an ethically-driven B2C company might ensure that their product ingredients are sustainably sourced and that their marketing messages accurately represent what consumers can expect. This approach not only builds consumer trust but also promotes long-term loyalty and a positive brand reputation.

By aligning marketing efforts with ethical principles, businesses can create meaningful connections with their consumers, ultimately contributing to a more conscious and responsible marketplace.

The Best B2C Ethical Marketing Strategy

Effective B2C marketing strategies revolve around addressing consumer problems, promising immediate and ethical solutions. Unlike B2B buyers who focus on long-term investments, B2C consumers seek quick resolutions to their daily challenges.

Ethical B2C marketing not only meets these needs but does so with integrity and respect for the consumer.

The Power of Ethical Emotional Marketing

With B2C purchases often being more spontaneous and less researched, marketers must seize the brief opportunity to demonstrate their product’s value. Ethical emotional marketing aims to evoke genuine emotions, prompting an immediate yet thoughtful response from consumers.

This approach ensures that emotional appeals do not manipulate but rather authentically connect with the consumer's needs and values.

  1. Happiness: A skincare brand ethically markets its face wash that clears severe acne. The advertisement features real testimonials and before-and-after images, showing users regaining confidence and living more fulfilling lives without resorting to misleading claims.
  2. Sadness: An animal shelter ethically highlights the plight of abandoned dogs. The ad features heartfelt stories and images of the dogs, encouraging viewers to adopt without using overly dramatic or guilt-inducing tactics.
  3. Fear: A home security company ethically shares a story about a family that experienced a break-in. The ad emphasizes the importance of home security systems, highlighting how their product can provide peace of mind and protect loved ones, using real-life examples without resorting to fear-mongering.

While business owners evaluate ROI through financial gains, the average consumer assesses ROI based on the positive emotions derived from a purchase.

Ethical marketing strategies that genuinely trigger these emotional responses can effectively influence and convert their target audience, ensuring that the marketing practices align with the broader values of honesty and respect.

What Is The Best Definition Of Ethical Marketing?

Ethical marketing is the practice of promoting products, services, and values through transparent, fair, and responsible methods that respect human dignity, promote social good, and prioritize environmental sustainability.

It involves a commitment to building trust and fostering positive relationships with all stakeholders, including customers, employees, and communities.

Ethical marketing aims to create long-term value by aligning business practices with ethical principles and contributing to the greater good, reflecting the Barakah Agency ethos of preserving faith, life, family, wisdom, and wealth.

What Does Ethical Marketing Do?

Ethical marketing drives profitable customer actions by aligning business practices with ethical values, preserving faith, life, family, wisdom, and wealth. It enhances brand reputation, builds trust with consumers, and fosters loyalty by promoting products and services in a way that is honest, fair, and socially responsible. Ethical marketing influences all stages of the customer journey, from awareness to retention, ensuring that every interaction a customer has with a brand is grounded in integrity and respect.

What Does Ethical Marketing Do

  1. Types of Ethical Marketing:
    Ethical marketing leverages various approaches to influence responsible and profitable customer actions throughout the marketing funnel. This strategy prioritizes integrity and long-term customer relationships. For instance, search engine optimization can attract visitors ethically, email campaigns can nurture subscribers towards informed purchases, and customer marketing can ensure satisfaction and loyalty.
  2. Ethical Marketing Tactics:
    In ethical marketing, tactics are not just strategic actions but commitments to honest and respectful communication. For example, creating case studies for a product marketing strategy can take the form of transparent testimonials, informative videos, engaging landing pages, or honest social media posts. These tactics ensure that every piece of content builds trust and conveys genuine value.
  3. Ethical Marketing Channels:
    Ethical marketers choose responsible channels to disseminate their messages and content. These channels include search engines, social media, email, and more. The aim is to communicate the right message to the right audience at the right time, using channels that respect user privacy and promote transparency, thus maximizing ethical engagement.
  4. Ethical Marketing Content:
    Content in ethical marketing is crafted to provide valuable, relevant information while adhering to moral principles. It supports specific strategies and is delivered through selected channels. For example, a marketer might create an ad that aligns with a product launch strategy, ensuring it is honest, respectful, and published in a suitable medium. This approach helps maintain authenticity and trust.
  5. Ethical Marketing Collateral:
    Creating ethical marketing collateral involves developing materials that support deep-funnel messaging and sales efforts while upholding ethical standards. This collateral includes accurate product descriptions, transparent case studies, and respectful marketing materials. By maintaining honesty and integrity, these materials help sales teams build trust and secure lasting customer relationships.

In summary, ethical marketing is a holistic approach that drives profitable customer actions while adhering to principles of fairness, transparency, and social responsibility. It ensures that every aspect of marketing, from strategy to execution, is aligned with the core ethical values of preserving faith, life, family, wisdom, and wealth. This comprehensive approach helps in building a loyal customer base, enhancing brand reputation, and contributing positively to society, ensuring long-term success and sustainability.

References

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  4. Godin, S. (2019). This is Marketing: You Can’t Be Seen Until You Learn to See.
  5. Michelli, J. (2007). The Starbucks Experience: 5 Principles for Turning Ordinary into Extraordinary.
  6. Kotler, P., & Lee, N. (2008). Social Marketing: Influencing Behaviors for Good.
  7. Creyer, E. H., & Ross, W. T. (1997). The Influence of Firm Behavior on Purchase Intention: Do Consumers Really Care About Business Ethics?
  8. McDonald, G., & Norman, W. (2007). Ethics and Marketing.
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  10. Roberts, J. (2003). What’s the Big Idea?